Behavioral Psychology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2403 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Briefly outline Behaviourism. How does this theory aid in an understanding of disruptive behaviour, and what are the limitations of this approach? Behaviourism Behaviourism was the primary psychological paradigm of the early twentieth century and is characterised by the work of Watson (1913) and Skinner (1976). It is an approach to learning that focuses on observable and quantifiable behaviour and discounts the need to refer to mental processes (Pritchard, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Behavioral Psychology" essay for you Create order Knowledge is seen as a repertoire of behaviours that are largely passive, mechanical responses to environmental stimuli (Wray, 2010). In order to describe this knowledge, no reference to internal, mental processes are needed, and instead, someone is said to understand something if they possess the appropriate repertoire of behaviours. Behaviourists believe that the aim of education is to provide learners with the appropriate repertoire of responses to specific stimuli. Information, in the form of the appropriate behaviour for a certain stimulus, is transmitted from the teacher to the learner and learning is described as the acquisition of a new behaviour or the modification of behaviour as a result of teaching, training or tutoring (Woollard, 2010, p. 1). Behavioural responses are reinforced through the use of an effective reinforcement schedule which breaks down material into a sequence of small tasks, consistently repeats the material, and provides positive reinforcement to corr ect responses (Skinner, 1976).ÂÂ   As such, teaching methods includes techniques such as learning by rote, skill and drill, and question and answer tasks that gradually increase in difficulty, as these techniques are able to break down material into smaller pieces and allow for the consistent repetition needed for learning to take place (Wray, 2010). It is also believed that teaching should be carefully planned and systematic, regularly testing learners behaviours in order to monitor their progress and provide feedback on their learning (Cox, 2004). Behaviourism as a method of teaching and learning content has received considerable criticism in recent years and has generally fallen out of favour, not least because of its disregard of what goes on within a learners head and its rejection of the importance of the mental processes the learner engages in (Bartlett and Burton, 2012). However, in the field of behaviour management, behaviourism is still an important influence and a number of behaviour management approaches and techniques draw from this field of psychology. Behaviourist Behaviour Management From a behaviourist perspective, all behaviour is considered to be a repertoire of responses to a particular stimulus. Appropriate responses can be taught and learnt through the use of an effective reinforcement schedule. Therefore, from this perspective, disruptive behaviour is considered to be an undesirable response to a set of stimuli, and children can be taught more desirable responses through the use of reinforcement. Using this basic theory, behaviourism has had considerable influence on classroom management techniques and the encouragement of appropriate behaviours in the classroom. Using a behaviourist perspective, Merrett and Wheldall (2012, p. 19) recommend using a positive teaching approach to establish the context for appropriate classroom behaviour, characterised by the following five basic principles: It is concerned with the observable, i.e. behaviour; It is assumed that behaviour is learned; Learning involves change in behaviour; Changes in behaviour depend mainly upon consequences; Behaviours are also governed by the contexts in which they appear. This approach emphasises how appropriate behaviour can be taught and learned through the use of behaviourist principles. The teacher firstly identifies the behaviours that they consider to be desirable and those that are considered to be disruptive and undesirable and then communicates these rules to the learners. The teacher then rewards the learners who display the desirable behaviour, thus changing behaviour through showing the learners the positive consequences of displaying appropriate behaviour (Pritchard, 2009). Behaviour management approaches such as assertive discipline follow a similar pattern. In this case, a series of rules are established, there are rewards for those who follow the rules and consequences for those who do not, and these rewards and consequences are consistently applied (Canter and Canter, 1992). Current government guidelines for the management of behaviour in UK schools also adopt such an approach (DfE, 2011). Behaviourist principles can also be used to help understand disruptive behaviour once it occurs. From a behaviourist perspective, the understanding of disruptive behaviour does not require any consideration of the learners internal mental states or consciousness as it is believed that states such as belief, motivation, and satisfaction can be understood through an examination of the manifested behaviour (Woollard, 2010). Instead, an analysis of disruptive behaviour requires only an examination of the behaviour itself and the context in which the behaviour occurs with no reference to the learners mental processes. Behaviour is examined in terms of what comes either before or after the manifested behaviour using a model known as the ABC model, where: Antecedent: what happens in the context prior to the observable behaviour; Behaviour: describes what actually happens in observable terms; Consequences: what happens immediately afterwards Roffey, 2006, p. 8 It is believed that behaviour can be changed by either changing the antecedence to the behaviour or the consequences of the behaviour. Hastings and Wheldall (1996) numerate a number of advantages of this model of understanding disruptive behaviour. They suggest that it focuses the teachers attention on what the child actually does in the B aspect; the behaviour has to be systemically observed and recorded rather than simply labelling the behaviour under the general umbrella term of disruptive. Furthermore, the teachers attention is directed towards events within the classroom that s/he has influence over and thus, can change in order to effect change in the childs behaviour. Thirdly, it is suggested that the ABC approach emphasises that the childs behaviour takes place within a particular context and that their behaviour is both influenced by the environment and that their behaviour influences what happens next in the classroom. Finally, this approach provides links between the identification of undesirable behaviour, an explanation for why it occurs, and possible strategies for changing the behaviour. Any attempt to change behaviour using this model should begin with the questions What triggered the behaviour?, in other words, the antecedence, and How is this behaviour being reinforced?, in other words, an examination of the consequences (Welsh Assembly, 2010). Antecedents to disruptive behaviour include both issues that the teachers can affect such as task difficulty, the learners engagement with the topic, the classroom seating arrangement, and their relationship with the teacher, as well as issues that the teacher has little control over, for instance the effect of the learners home environment on their learning. The ABC model suggests that teachers can use a number of preventative strategies to avoid disruptive behaviour by eliminating the antecedents to the unwanted behaviour, for example, the teacher can enforce rules through p ositive statements, they can give praise that is behaviour specific or they can change teaching to engage the interest of the learners (Gulliford and Miller, 2015). However, despite the teachers best efforts, it is highly likely that some children may still display disruptive behaviour on occasions. In this case, according to behaviourism, it is important to address the consequences of the behaviour as it may be the case that the undesirable behaviour is being reinforced by the reaction the learner provokes. For example, the child may behave badly in order to gain the teachers attention as, for some children, any attention, even negative, is better than no attention. Every time the teacher reacts, they are reinforcing the childs disruptive behaviour. Alternatively, the child may be behaving badly in order to secure a reaction from their peers, and again, if this reaction is gained, the behaviour is being reinforced (Wray, 2010). Therefore, behaviourism advocates teaching learners new repertoires of behaviour and then reinforcing this good behaviour. Equally important, the undesirable behaviour should not be reinforced. Thus, reinforcement is the key aspect of this stage; however, it should be noted that, according to behaviourism, punishments and sanctions are not a part of the reinforcement schedule (Gulliford and Miller, 2015). Instead, positive reinforcement should be used as it is argued that pleasant experiences are more likely to help learners make the desired connections between specific stimuli and the appropriate response to that stimuli (Wray, 2010). Positive reinforcement can be given in three instances (LaVigna, 2000): a reward can be given when a learner chooses a preferred behaviour, known as differential reinforcement of an alternative response; a reward can be given when the learner chooses not to commit the undesirable behaviour, known as a differential reinforcement of the omission of a response; finally, a reward can be given when the lea rner displays a lower frequency of unwanted behaviour, known as a differential reinforcement of lower rates of responding. Disruptive and undesirable behaviour should be ignored as much as possible so as not to reinforce the behaviour (Wray, 2010). Limitations of Behaviourism While behaviourism continues to exert an influence over behaviour management techniques in todays schools, it has also been criticised for its limitations. Some of these criticisms derive from the incorrect application of the approach. Martella et al. (2012), for example, suggest that behaviourist approaches to dealing with disruptive behaviour such as assertive discipline are often misused in practice as teachers often neglect the praise components and move straight to the punishments. As such, bad behaviour is being reinforced through the negative attention the learners receive and good behaviour is not being reinforced. Other criticisms focus on the limitations of the approach itself. One major criticism of behaviourism is that it does not recognise the uniqueness of the individual (Vialle et al., 2005). In the educational context, Weare (2004) suggests that behaviourist approaches to behaviour management do not work equally with all learners, and they particularly do not wor k for those who may find it difficult to fit in with the behavioural demands of the learning setting because of reasons such as cultural differences, learning difficulties, and their emotional state. Therefore, it is argued that behaviour management should take a more holistic approach and should consider the childs unique personal situation, their developmental level, cultural and social background and personality and characteristics instead of focusing on rigid norms of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour (Kay, 2006). Similarly, the behaviourist approach is also criticised for taking a simplistic approach to behaviour, largely derived from experiments on animals. Learners are considered to be passive recipients who react to various stimuli provided by the trainer, and who have little free will of their own (Wragg, 2001). This view of humans does not take into account the complex nature of human learning, and in focusing on only the observable behaviour, the learners cognition an d thinking processes are ignored. Furthermore, it is suggested that behaviour management techniques that focus only on behaviour and do not consider the mental processes of the individual are unable to change the learners cognition (Garner, 2009). This is because there is a focus on supressing bad behaviour rather than a focus on teaching learners new responses and changing long-term behaviour problems (Kearney, 2007).ÂÂ   As such, it is suggested that behaviourist approaches have little long-term effect and do not teach learners the skills to respond to situations in more appropriate ways. Finally, behaviourist approaches to behaviour management have been criticised for their focus on rewards and it has been suggested that such a focus can reduce a learners intrinsic motivation to complete tasks (Vialle et al., 2005). In other words, the learner learns not to value learning and good behaviour for its own sake, but for the extrinsic rewards they receive for behaving well and completing the tasks the teacher gives them. As such, the learner does not become a self-motivated learner, but is reliant on the approval and direction of the teacher. Conclusion In conclusion, the behaviourist approach suggests a basic ABC model for understanding disruptive behaviour through an examination of the antecedents and the consequences of the behaviour within the context in which it occurs. This approach also provides a number of suggestions for strategies for avoiding disruptive behaviour and dealing with it once it occurs. It would seem that behaviourism is a commonly used behaviour management approach; humans tend to use reinforcement in their general behaviour and research has shown that the vast majority of teachers use behaviourist principles in their behaviour management strategies (Wragg, 2001). However, given the limitations of this approach, it would perhaps be useful for teachers to be aware of different approaches to behaviour management so that the needs of each individual student can be met. References Bartlett, S., Burton, D. (2012). Introduction to Education Studies, 3rd Edition. London: Sage. Canter, L., Canter, M. (1992).AssertiveDiscipline. Santa Monica: LeeCanterAssociates. Cox, M. (2004). Childrens learning. In Nicholls, G. (Ed.). An Introduction to Teaching, 2nd Edition, pp. 38-56. London: Routledge. DfE (Department for Education). (2011). Getting the simple things right: Charlie Taylors behaviour checklists. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/283997/charlie_taylor_checklist.pdf. (Accessed October 1, 2015). Garner, P. (2009). Special Educational Needs: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. Gulliford, A., Miller, A. (2015). Managing classroom behaviour: Perspectives from psychology. In Cline, T., Gulliford, A, Birch, S. (Eds.). Educational Psychology, 2nd Edition, pp. 223-257. London: Routledge. Hastings, N., Wheldall, K. (1996). Effective classroom behaviour management. In Croll, P., Hastings, N. (Eds.). Effective Primary Teaching: Research Based Strategies, pp. 72-86. London: David Fulton. Kay, J. (2006). Managing Behaviour in the Early Years. London: Continuum. Kearney, A. (2007). Understanding Applied Behaviour Analysis: An introduction to ABA for parents, teachers, and other professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley. LaVigna, G. (2000). Alternatives to Punishment. New York: Irvington. Martella, R.C., Nelson, J.R., Marchand-Martella, N.E., OReilly, M. (2012).Comprehensive Behavior Management: Individualized, classroom, and schoolwide approaches, 2nd Edition. London: Sage. Merrett, F., Wheldall, K. (2012). British teachers and the behavioural approach to teaching. In Wheldall. K. (Ed.). The Behaviourist in the Classroom, pp. 18-49. London: Routledge. Pritchard, A. (2009). Ways of Learning: Learning theories and learning styles in the classroom, 2nd edition. London: David Fulton. Roffey, S. (2006). Helping with Behaviour. London: Routledge. Skinner, B.F. (1976) About Behaviourism, New York: Vintage Books. Vialle, W., Lysaght, P., Verenikina, I. (2005).Psychology for Educators. London: Cengage Learning. Watson, J.B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-178. Weare, K. (2004). Developing the Emotionally Literate School. London: Paul Chapman. Welsh Assembly. (2010). Practical Approaches to Behaviour Management in the Classroom. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government. Woollard, J. (2010).Psychology for the Classroom: Behaviourism. London: Routledge. Wragg, E.C. (2001). Class Management in the Secondary School. London: Routledge. Wray, D. (2010). Looking at learning. In Arthur, J., Cremin, T. (Eds.). Learning to Teach in the Primary School, 2nd Edition, pp. 41-52. London: Routledge.

The Fur Trade An Important Part Of The Political And...

The fur trade began, as early 17th to 19th centuries; it was an important part of the political and economic development of North America. It offered a source of income and motivated searching of the continent that was significant to many early colonial industries. There were five countries involved in the Fur Trade in North America. These were England, Portugal, Holland, Spain and France. But by the late 17th century there were only France and England. As the market of beaver pelts in Europe grew, the fur trade became a more profitable trade than fishing and farming. The native peoples became involved in a global market because of the fur trade; they were the key to the development and continuation of the North America. According to R. M Maclver, the fur trade was a primary industry whose growth was a vital factor in the expansion of Canada. In 1578, when Europeans began navigating to Canada to explore and to fish, they found out that North American was a land that is rich in fur-b earing animals. North American became known of a new source of wealth because of the quality and quantity of beaver and other furs. This research paper studies the nature of the fur trade, the initiation of a cooperation between the English and French to the Aboriginal people, and the role of women in fur trade; the ecological ethnics, and how the fur trade affects and change the Native way of life. The ecological impact of the fur trade on the Aboriginal of North America demonstrates that theShow MoreRelatedEconomics vs Religion American Colonies1043 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics over Religion Throughout history there have been two leading factors that lead a colony to success. These two factors are religion and economics or money. Which factor is more important? 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Costs and Manufacturing Overhead Free Essays

1. How much overhead cost would be saved by outsourcing production of muffler-exhaust systems and oil pans if a. Overhead costs were entirely fixed costs? $0 would be saved because fixed costs do not affected by reduced number of labor caused by outsourcing. We will write a custom essay sample on Costs and Manufacturing Overhead or any similar topic only for you Order Now b. Overhead costs were entirely variable costs? (How is volume of activity measured at Bridgeton? Why is volume not measured by simply counting units produced?) All of them would be saved. If using numbers in 1988 for estimate, (5,766,000+6,532,000)*434% = $53,373,320 would be saved. Bridgeton accumulates all manufacturing overhead costs into one cost pool, and use direct labor dollar cost as the allocation measure to apportion the overhead costs in the cost pool. Unlike direct labor and direct material costs that can be traced to specific products, overhead costs could be administrative and manufacturing related so that not all of them are involved in ACF’s production. Therefore, there isn’t a high degree of correlation between the units produced and the amount of manufacturing overhead used. 2. How much overhead cost do you think Bridgeton and the consultants implicitly assumed would be saved by outsourcing muffler-exhaust systems and oil pans? They expect all overhead specific to product line of Muffler – Exhaust systems and oil pans would be saved, which is ($5,766,000+6,532,000)*434% = $533,733,20 (using 1988 data for estimate). 3. Calculate the overhead allocation rate for each of the model years 1988 through 1990. Are the changes since 1987 in overhead allocation rates significant? Why have these changes occurred? a) divide total overhead ($) by total direct labor ($) showed in Exh.2 to get overhead rate. | 1987| 1988| 1989| 1990| Overhead Rate| 437% = 107,954/24,682| 434% = 109,890/25,294| 577% = 78,157/13,537| 563% = 79,393/14,102| How to cite Costs and Manufacturing Overhead, Papers

Enterprise Business Architecture Strategy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Enterprise Business Architecture Strategy. Answer: Introduction Business information strategy is vital to be considered for an organization for providing business time in order get a sense of the process of promoting and identifying their capabilities. There are natural drawbacks with each organization for having several reasons. The business strategy helps to minimize the weakness. Thus, the companies do not trip up as well as suffer for impact. Present study deals with identifying the current problems faced by Bristan and critically analyze its current practices. Recent problems faced by the company are analyzed in the study with the help of SWOT analysis. In addition, impact of the information systems on performance of business as well as development are discussed in the paper. Along with these, alternative strategies in order to encounter the operational and strategic needs for effective resource management system are presented in the study. Bristan Group Limited is one of the largest bathroom suppliers in the UK. It is the parent organization of Heritage Bathroom brands as well as Bristan. The company is a part of Masco Corporation and one of the largest manufacturers of brand named products for customers in the purpose of home improvement as well as new market for home constructions across the world (Bristan.com 2017). With increasing number of key trading partners, Bristan Group Limited in the present case scenario is struggling with highly manual procedure that is engaged with dealing mountain of paperwork as well as thousands of incoming fax orders (Walker 2014). It is generally resulting in the processing of slow order along with large number of errors. Bristan Group Limited had experienced several issues with the existing supply chain system. It was not reliable and support were slow that are inconsistent sometimes. In addition, there is lacked resilience in the system that results changing conditions of the particular market as well as demands of the customers of Bristan Group Limited. Leading time for the process of on boarding a new partner for trading was lengthy in the process of the company (Galliers and Leidner 2014). In addition, every customers wish to trade electronically with the organization. The great deal of time as well as resources was needed within the process of internal IT team in order to facilitate the process of transactions that was impacting negatively to the core activities of business. In addition, there are lacks of visibility of information about supply chain across the base of customers. It was caused for having poor communication with the customers for slow service as well as inaccuracies of the information. On contrary, the company looked for solutions that would allow communicating with the customers in effective way. This process enhances the visibility of supply chain information (Bristan.com 2017). It minimizes the errors as well as speed the procedure of adding new customers along with responding to the changing needs of the customers. The organization requires enhancing the efficiencies in the order process for the customers. The target of Bristan Group Limited is to remove the errors that are generated during the process of manual administration of the orders through post, fax as well as email. The company has elected to outsource their B2B electronic trading needs to Wesupply (Bharadwa et al. 2013). It allows connectivity to their base of customers through single platform. It enables the process of greater visibility as well as control of their ordering process of customers. Analysis of current practices Drnevich and Croson (2013) commented that one of the major reasons for evaluating performance of the business is customer service. It has been experienced awareness among the companies about the capability of using proper method and technology so that it can exploit as well as apply the elected things effectively. Bristan Group Limited did not plan for using new method as well as technology for fulfilling the strategic purposes. The errors are generally captured in the processing of orders before that have an impact on the overall performance as well as costs of the organization, which is related to the previous manual process that has been minimized. Bristan Group Limited has made improvement in the customer service (Schaper et al. 2014). An organization does not have appropriate plans for using information system in order to fulfil the strategic purposes effectively. However, it wastes the resources through using the modern IS planning system. Customer service has an important role in order to enhance performance of business for Bristan Group Limited (Bristan.com 2017). If the company uses customer service system in effective way, the flow of services for customers as well as major roles in the business would improve the service. The major aim of the company is to improve the services for customers as well as remove the errors from manual administration process. In addition, it is required to improve the service for customer in effective way. However, customer service is a broad idea, which primarily fulfils the requirements of understanding the customers. Thus, the best service is offered to the requirements of clients and successfully dealing with important moment of customer life cycle (Albeladi, et al. 2014). Therefore, better customer is appeared in order to influence the advantages in the manufacturing process as well as delivery to customer services. In order to analyze the current issues, SWOT analysis would be helpful. Strengths Strong as well as leading position in the UK (Al-Mudimigh 2015) Britain Group is one of the largest suppliers of bathroom There are several outlet for selling products of the company High degree of flexibility as well as making fast decisions Experienced management team Sound capital base for being part of Masco Corporation Conservative as well as sustainable business policy Weakness Lack of improvement in customer order process Less use of modern technology Slow process of receiving order via post, fax and email Lack of use in B2B electronic trading needs Weak management information system (Bristan.com 2017) Require resources of high staffs Opportunities Looking for outsourced solution A future design of the whole market would fulfill the needs of customers Introducing B2B electronic device procedure Effective communication method with stakeholders (Spil et al. 2016) Threats Increasing competitions from foreign markets as well as domestic markets Change of customer requirements Longer than expected term in order to success economies of scales Other companies use faster process for delivery Increase of raw material prices Table 1: SWOT analysis (Source: Created by Author) Analyze current problems Whittle and Myrick (2016) commented that it is important to analyze the recent problems faced by the company for finding the core strengths as well as existing loopholes of the company. Bristan Group Limited has strengthened for being strong as well as leading position across the country as well as the world. The company is one of the largest suppliers of bathroom in the UK. In addition, various outlet of the company helps to increase business of the organization. There is also high degree of making flexibility and make fast decisions in management of the organization. It is important to have experienced management team to deploy effective methodology in the organization (Bristan.com 2017). Hence, it is important to make sound capital base as the part of Masco Corporation. There is also conservative and sustainable policy for business. On the other hand, there are lacks in enhancing the order processed by the company and less utilization of modern technology. In addition, slow procedures of receiving the orders via post, fax and email. It makes slow process in delivering orders to the customers. There are also lacks of use in B2B electronic trading requirements (Grover and Kohli 2013). Moreover, weak management information system and lack of resources for high staffs are considered as one of the major weakness of the organization. The company looks for outsourced solution. In addition, there are future designs of entire market that can fulfil the requirements of the customers. Future designs of entire markets would have potentiality to meet the demands of customers. Introducing the B2B electronic devices process would be helpful to open up a great opportunity for Bristan Group Limited in the market. In addition, effective communication method with several stakeholders would be helpful to achieve organizational target of the organization. It is important to analyze threats of an organization so that management of the organization that can be achieved through SWOT analysis. Increasing number of competitors from domestic as well as foreign markets is considered as major threats for the organization. The requirements of customers are changing (Veit et al. 2014). There are no longer things than expected ones in order to get success of the economies of the scales. Different companies utilize faster procedure for del ivery, which is one of the major threats considered for the organization. Impact of the information system on business performance and development The significance of information system has dramatically increased the performance as well as development of an organization. A modern organization like Bristan Group Limited cannot be imagined without efficient information system. On the other hand, it is required to develop subsequent to several researches and there has not any doubt that can bring several advantages to the system (Bristan.com 2017). Constant development in technology does not result only in increasing performance of entire system that can be helpful to offer greater selection of information system in Bristan Group Limited. The organizations across the world have requirements for the information system in the field of business (Li et al. 2014). It is observed that performance though proper investment would be helpful in the business to fasten the process and reduce cost as well. Increasing business performance through effective adoption of information technology solution is one of the common processes in the organization. However, there is an increase in the business performance that cannot be expressed through steps between business strategy and information technology. In addition, it is required to ensure that new customers of the company concentrates on the core responsibilities that would be helpful to control all process ongoing in the organization and improve the process as well so that the company can retain in the market with respective position. The above figure gives a suggestion that performance of business is increased through pursuing the strategic targets of the business with the help of information technology. The usage of information technologies in the business has an impact on the performance that could assist in achieving the strategic targets of the organization. Information system can be defined as the set of elements, which helps collecting procedure of collecting data. In addition, there are some of definitions states that combination of information technology and human resource utilize the technology in order to perform actions in the organization. It is important to give name of the application. Baporikar (2015) commented that enterprise resource planning is one of the system through which an organization can gain competitive advantages. It is also required to adopt proper method of information system in Bristan Group Limited. As defined by Dundon and Wilkinson (2014), based on the analysis of theoretical approaches are pertaining to make influence of the information system in the organization. B2B solutions would be helpful to stay connected with the supply chain. In addition, enjoying reliable as well as are easy in deploying the information system in Bristan Group Limited. Consumers of the organization are needed to be reliable and extended across the base of customers (Priyanka and Srinivasan 2015). Bristan Group Limited takes care of new customers. Adoption of the information system would give some advantages such as significantly minimization of the administrative costs. It gains increased control as well as visibility across the supply chain (Bristan.com 2017). Moreover, time for resolving invoice errors and order queries. It is required to enhance service of the customers across the whole customer base. It would give an impact on the process of particular system. Along with these, electronically tr ade helps to fulfil demands of the customers. Qrunfleh and Tarafdar (2014) stated that Bristan Group Limited takes care of all transactions and seamless on-board customers with the service. In this aspect, it is required to allow the team and use the internal resources effectively so that organization can be helpful to meet target of the organization In order to solve the issues faced by Bristan Group Limited, the organization has decided to look forward that could offer flexibility as well as offer a standard method to trade with all customers (sterle 2013). In addition, Wesupply made an innovation regarding B2B process. It is also important to consider the process in managing resources of the company. It is important to manage the resources of the organization. Alternative strategies to meet operational as well as strategic requirements In the present case scenario, it is required to enhance the efficiencies in the order process for customers. Hence, it is required for the organization to make strategic planning that would be helpful to encounter operational and strategic requirements of the company. Strategic questions Proposed system How Bristan Group Limited compete in the market? The company needs to make faster process through adopting advanced technology such as B2B electronic business process. What unique value the company can bring to the market? The company requires to actively working with Wesupply in order to collaborate with thee customers through implementing plans that would be helpful to make the system reliable as well as easy for deploying the solution. What resources as well as capabilities will the company use? The company needs to use the resources and makes confidentiality of using the process as well as make extension according to the customers base. Completive area: It is important for an organization to identify the strategic areas that helps to ensure unique functionalities of the products. In addition, the business related issues are required to provide setups for gaining competitive advantages of the organization. At present, there is deliberate cash exchanger in the organization in order to pay cost for business (McGrath 2013). In addition, the situation of the area requires making the organization to follow appropriate framework that can be helpful for the organization, which is truly awful and not up to dated with the coming as well as recent innovation in making the process for gaining competitive advantages in the market. Unique value processed by Bristan Group Limited: The organization has a development plan that is reliable as well as easy in order to deploy some solutions that are confidently utilizes and extend customer base. In addition, the organization likes to make the customers quickly as well as professional support from the supply team. It is vital to make proper things that can be helpful for the organization to gain competitive advantages for the company. It is crucial to swiftly make the requests to enable the thing more agile within the environment of business. In addition, it is required to take care of on boarding of new customers to Bristan Group Limited to manage the internal resources. In addition, allowing IT team of the company to concentrate on core responsibilities. It is crucial for the company to understand their responsibilities in the organization. Use of the resources as well as capabilities: Human resource is one of vital elements of an organization. In addition, there is adequate time for resolving the issues with the help of making proper costs in administration. In addition, integrating of new technology as well as innovation in customer service sector would assist to advance the system. Special and unique assets are the advancement of the innovations has given the permission for fulfilling desire of the organization. The quantity of customer service is required to make some expansions. In addition, implementation of the system would be helpful to involve in 95 % reduction in the order of admin errors (Zhang et al. 2015). In addition, there would be improvement in customer service across entire customer base of the organization. Recommendations In order to overcome the issues faced by the organization, it is required to wind up the collection of framework and use suitable as well as effective technology that can have to get to communicate with the customers, understand their demands and solve the issues. Illustration is one of the arrangements for actualizing the applications that are undertaking and the issues that would be helpful to actualize the applications that are undertaking for adopting the technology. The organization needs to take care of all transactions and seamlessly onboard for the new customers. In addition, it is required to provide service to the customers that are hustle free and unique as well. In addition, Bristan Group Limited needs to set the goal that needs to remove the errors which are resulting from manual administration. In addition, revelled in the particular situation, management of the organization needs to understand proper use of framework. It would be helpful to solve several issues that make the process secure and faster to the customers. The absence of innovation as well as securities, the company gets wring ideas regarding the framework. It is important to incorporate with the database and originate from the specific client. In addition, it is required to ensure that there would be set up of stream for circulation of data accumulation. In this purpose, it is required to use the framework as one of the vital parts of the organization. The company can use customer relation management system for improving performance of the organization. In addition, there are several issues related to the light of certain bolsters on the particular situation. However, misconception can bring many of the issues amongst the framework and absence of security framework to the system. On contrary, there are poor government approaches that are required to tackle the certain issues. In addition, more efficient innovation is using the framework so that arrangement of the company would meet to the demands of the customers. Organization structure: Bristan Group Limited needs to make effective organizational structure that makes the points of interest simpler regarding the primary leadership and bring down cost as well. The data frameworks can be introduced with huge administration that levels the required association in the procedures that would stream the prcised as well as quick levels without much control. This way would assist to ought in applying the straightened chain of the framework in order to provide proficiency in the operation frameworks. In addition, it is required to ensure that hierarchical culture is properly maintained in the organization. It shares the qualities and suppositions along with the process of controlling the work of individuals in the organization. The shared values have a great impact on the general population in making the association as well as the process of acting in the present case. The associations are required to develop basic culture that can execute the rules as well as external potential for executing the process by individuals in the organization. Along with these, there are elements of five elements in order to compose the hierarchical culture as well as flexibility and coordination in the organization. The company needs to follow the customer service framework that is ought to be better techniques in order to match the technology with the new system. It is important to stay up to dated with extending the benefits of interest of data frameworks inside the framework of the organization. In this perspective, there would be clear process and helpful to attract more number of customers. Bristan Group Limited has elected the outsourced B2B technique with the trading needs to Wesupply. It is important to make growing number of the key trading partners that has struggling with high manual procedure and involved with dealing the mountain of paperwork as well as thousands of incoming fax orders. All these errors are generated through processing of large number of errors. Bristan Group Limited was experiencing the issues by existing supply chain system. As the company deals with the huge amounts of paperwork and causing throughout on the fax gateway, it is vital to provide electronic system with EDI capabilities. There are services for the fax gateway to be extremely high. Furthermore, fax to email connector allows trading electronically with several smaller customers. It is important to make great success and important impact on minimizing the administration costs. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the organization needs to improve overall procedure with the customers through trusted outsourced solution. It helps to exchange the real-time supply o f data that are combined with flexible as well as agile approach in order to solve the complex issues of business. In addition, management of the organization needs to analyze the benefits after deploying new system and approach in the organization. It is required to reduce costs in overall processing of order and enhance the process properly. In addition, it improves customer service, which is considered as one of the vial stakeholders followed by the organization in order to get competitive advantages. References Albeladi, K.S., Khan, U.A. and Khan, P.M., 2014, March. Driving business value through an effective IT strategy development. InComputing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 561-563). IEEE. Al-Mudimigh, A.S., 2015. E-business strategy in an online banking services: a case study.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2007. Baporikar, N., 2015. Information Strategy as Enabler of Competitive Advantage. InEconomics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 599-610). IGI Global. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. Bristan.com. (2017).Home. [online] Available at: https://www.bristan.com/ [Accessed 26 Mar. 2017]. Drnevich, P.L. and Croson, D.C., 2013. Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective.Mis Quarterly,37(2), pp.483-509. Dundon, T. and Wilkinson, A.J., 2014.Case Studies in Global Management: Strategy, Innovation and People Management. Tilde Publishing and Distribution. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Granados, N. and Gupta, A., 2013. Transparency strategy: Competing with information in a digital world.MIS quarterly,37(2). Grover, V. and Kohli, R., 2013. REVEALING YOUR HAND: CAVEATS IN IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL BUSINESS STRATEGY.Mis Quarterly,37(2). Li, T., Kauffman, R.J., Van Heck, E., Vervest, P. and Dellaert, B.G., 2014. Consumer informedness and firm information strategy.Information Systems Research,25(2), pp.345-363. McGrath, R.G., 2013.The end of competitive advantage: How to keep your strategy moving as fast as your business. Harvard Business Review Press. sterle, H., 2013.Business in the information age: heading for new processes. Springer Science Business Media. Priyanka, P.V. and Srinivasan, P., 2015. From a plan to generating revenue: how is social media strategy used to generate business in the retail industry in India?.International Journal of Marketing and Technology,5(4), pp.62-74. Qrunfleh, S. and Tarafdar, M., 2014. Supply chain information systems strategy: Impacts on supply chain performance and firm performance.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.340-350. Schaper, M.T., Volery, T., Weber, P.C. and Gibson, B., 2014. Entrepreneurship and small business. Spil, T., Kijl, B. and Salmela, H., 2016, April. Digital Strategy Innovation; toward product and business model innovation to attain e-leadership. InICMLG2016-4th International Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance: ICMLG2016(p. 321). Academic Conferences and publishing limited. Veit, D., Clemons, E., Benlian, A., Buxmann, P., Hess, T., Kundisch, D., Leimeister, J.M., Loos, P. and Spann, M., 2014. Business models.Business Information Systems Engineering,6(1), pp.45-53. Walker, S., 2014.Social Media Marketing Tips: Essential Strategy Advice and Tips for Business Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram and Much More!. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Whittle, R. and Myrick, C.B., 2016.Enterprise business architecture: The formal link between strategy and results. CRC Press. Zhang, M., Wu, W. and Zhang, Q., 2015, December. An Adaptive H-ARQ Strategy Based on the Types of Business in Aerospace Information Network. InComputational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 67-71). IEEE.

Frank Zappa free essay sample

Kappa remains as a major figure in the production of recorded music. He was able to Influence the music scene by his Incredible musical talents, his Innovations in recording technology and his staunch social, political and controversial debates. Kappas profound influences on music and recording still remain relevant in modern production of music. Frank Kappa was involved in many different bands, musical styles and genres. The ass produced many creative new musicians, but none was more inspirational, controversial, scatological or creative than Frank Kappa (Airbus 9971.Frank Kappa rose to fame through his band The Mothers of Invention, which was known to play a range of styles from Jazz to heavy metal rock to operas. Frank Kappa became highly known by the broader community for outstanding musical ability, innovative recording techniques, and his fascinating social and political battles. Kappa was born in Baltimore on the 21st of December 1940 and died on the 4th December 1 993 at 53 years of age. We will write a custom essay sample on Frank Zappa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Frank Kappa a brilliant rock guitarist, an orchestral composer, music producer, filmmaker, businessman, and social commentator.He produced over 60 albums of music streaming from rock to Jazz to orchestra as well as many accomplishments In film and in his ongoing political and controversial social commentary. Kappa had a profound influence on record producing techniques and technology. He will also be remembered for various controversial acts or songs as his 1 985 testimonial against music censorship, or his conspiracy to commit pornography (Matthew Randall 19981. These types of acts become a major source of mainstream publicity (Matthew Randall 1998) in Kappas life. Kappa fell in love and married Gail Salesman In 1967.He then had four children and remained with her until his death. It was no surprise that a man with such a diverse musical tastes and drive for musical Inventiveness was able to have such an effect on the music scene. Kappa learnt in high school to read music and to compose, he studied theory and composition and was familiar with advanced orchestral music aspects that where a rarity among rock musicians (Aurelian, 1994). It was talent and training that allowed for Kappas success. This level of musical knowledge and training showed that Kappa was no ordinary young rock n roll musician in 1965 Aurelian, 1994).. It was the albums produced with the Mothers of Invention that saw Kappa begin to experiment with linking his diverse musical tastes and start creating songs that seemed unable to categorize beginning his legacy that Experimentalism was his methodology (Stanley Sadie, 2001) The Mothers remain a refined instrument for Kappas eclectic and imaginative ideas (Colic Larkin 19951. Kappa was an incredibly innovative and creative musician who was able to extrapolate and expand what where the existing music style. Kappa also championed and Implemented new recording styles and methods.Firstly, In his Pal Recording Studied, Kappa innovated the use of the Worlds only staggered head, 5- track, half-inch tape recorder (Chris Machine 2003), which allowed Kappa to experiment with extensive overdubbing. Kappa showed the potential in the technique of re-mixing. He was able to cut and reassemble master tapes and put it together in a different order, continually re-editing albums until ideal, or deletin g and compositions from random audio scraps. Another Kappa inspired development was connecting a 12 track recorder with a variable speed oscillator allowing one imposition to have 40 overdubbed tracks. Kappa continued to use and develop recording techniques such as overdubbing synchrony technique which can synchronize different sources rhythmically. He was aware of the acoustic quality of different spaces when recording, used the mix matrix technique, also using the Digital Gratification Consort as a compositional tool. Frank Kappas legacy had a huge effect on music. Firstly, he was able to push the boundaries of music by his drive for musical creativity. He was always pushing the envelope, amazing his fans while infuriating his critics (Airbus 1997).By Hearing Kappas music, it was obvious he was Blessed with an agile mind that embraced astoundingly diverse styles of music Ooh Lang, 1996). Kappa was able to become such an innovator for new sounds and styles in his albums which can be seen through his own words My Job is extrapolating everything to its most absurd extreme Ooh Lang, 1996). It was this kind of mindset that got him recognized as the father of invention, the most caustic iconoclast of the rock-and-roll era Ooh Lang, 1996). This natural flare for inventiveness saw Kappa rate albums often labeled crucial in the history of Jazz and rock.Another important part in Kappas legacy was his constant, and often critically viewed, fight with authority. What became increasingly evident was Kappas distrust of authority (Verna Wolff, 1999) and a flare for non conformity (Colonists 1992) and his ability to make his satire and social commentary his weapons (Colonists 1992). A greatly known debate was Kappas attempt for the elimination of censorship. This can be seen as his legacy for freedom of speech, standing up against the government and cord companies also standing up for musicians need to be able to fully express themselves musically and verbally.Frank Kappa was a major figure in the production of recorded music. Firstly, he had the musical ability to expand the forms of music and combine all kinds of different genres seamlessly together. Also, his technical developments and experimentation in the recording tactics and equipment remain crucial in how the modern records are created. Finally, Kappa acted as a spokesperson for the musician, trying to allow people to fully express themselves. Frank Kappa was a man who didnt believe in limitations and whose legacy changed the face of the production of recorded music.

Darwins Black Box essays

Darwin's Black Box essays Dr. H. Allen Orr is a Professor of Biology at University of Rochester who studies the genetic changes underlying evolution. He is particularly interested in the genetics of speciation and the genetics of adaptation. Allen Orr wrote an article criticizing Michael Behe saying  ¡Ã‚ °The latest attack on evolution is cleverly argued, biologically informed C and wrong. ¡ Before starting out with his argument Orr admits that Behe ¡Ã‚ ¯s book is after all a creationist ¡Ã‚ ¯s ¡Ã‚ ¯ dream come true, and that no one can deny Behe ¡Ã‚ ¯s grasp of biochemistry. Orr says, unlike a few previous biologists who have taken aim at Darwin, Behe is the real thing, even though he tries to prove Behe wrong. What ¡Ã‚ ¯s different about Behe from his less-sophisticated brethren, according to Orr, is that Behe does not deny evolution. Orr takes Behe seriously; hence this is the reason why he wrote the article. Orr is interested why Behe feels he is especially qualified to critique Darwinism. He says to a historian or an electrician Behe certainly looks qualified since he is a  ¡Ã‚ °Biologist ¡. But it is not that simple. By turning the table around Orr starts a new argument saying  ¡Ã‚ °If I, an evolutionary biologist, were to announce that biochemistry is deeply flawed C I ¡Ã‚ ¯ve shown for instance, that enzymes are not catalysts C I doubt I ¡Ã‚ ¯d get a listen. I surely wouldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t get a publisher. Why is everyone an expert witness when the topic is Darwinism but not when it ¡Ã‚ ¯s biochemistry? ¡ The answer is complicated, but a few things are clear. First, Darwinism matters. Many people will inevitably have questions about Darwinism because many people will inevitably think about it. Secondly, this has more to do with our education system at American Universities where there is a striking asymmetry in molecular versus evolutionary education. Although many science and all biology students are required to endure molecular courses, but even a...

Earth systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Earth systems - Essay Example posing a problem to the environment is the fact that the concentration of ozone in the ground-level is increasing while ozone in the stratospheric level is diminishing (Wright 774). This is a global environmental predicament because the stratospheric ozone has beneficial use while ground-level ozone produces detrimental effects. The stratospheric ozone layer was discovered sometime in the 1870s when scientists, led by G.M Dobson, observed the diminished amount of UV rays as they reach the earth’s surface, eventually attributing this phenomenon to ozone. By deduction, they concluded that the concentration of ozone in the upper atmosphere is higher than that nearer to the ground. A century later, it was discovered that certain elements could pose threat to this layer. When the US was planning to build supersonic transport planes (SST), studies revealed that the nitrogen oxide they would emit in the stratosphere layer, where they would be expected fly most of the time at a speed three times to that of sound and at an altitude of 12.4 miles, could destroy ozone (Konvicka 272). In the stratosphere, ozone is formed through a process called photolysis, when oxygen in the atmosphere is bombarded by solar UV radiation. This causes the two atoms of oxygen to split apart and merge with the atoms of other oxygen. The ozone gases then bond to form the ozone layer. This layer of ozone forms between 12 and 15 miles above the earth and protects it as well as life on it from dangerous UV solar radiation (Butz 376; Onursal et al 19). Ozone formation and destruction in the atmosphere occurs continuously and cyclically every time the UV rays of the sun act upon them, causing the breakdown of the gas and converting the resulting energy into heat. The heat raises the temperature at higher altitudes blocking the entry of the ultraviolet rays to the lower levels of the atmosphere. The split oxygen atoms then re-bond with the atoms of other oxygen to form new ozone. This continuous